An attempt at writing maths in HTML
Some definitions:
A group is a non-empty set G with an operation ⋅ such that:
- the set is closed under the operation (closure)
- a⋅(b⋅c) = (a⋅b)⋅c (associativity)
- ∃e ∈ G such that ∀a ∈ G a⋅e = e⋅a = a (identity)
- ∀g ∈ G ∃g-1 ∈ G such that g⋅g-1 = g-1⋅g = e (inverses)
A semi-group is a non-empty set with an operation such that
- the set is closed under the operation (closure)
- a⋅(b⋅c) = (a⋅b)⋅c (associativity)
Or, a semi-group is a non-empty set which is closed under an associative operation, or a semi-group is an associative groupoid.
A groupoid or magma is a non-empty set equipped with a single binary operation M × M → M. An operation is closed by definition (so I could have removed that axiom from each of the definitions above).
A monoid is a semi-group with identity.
A ring is a non-empty set S with two operations (called addition (+) and multiplication (×), however they might be defined) such that:
- (S, +) is an Abelian group with identity 0.
- (S, ×) is a monoid with identity 1.
- ∀a,b,c ∈ S, a(b+c) = ab + ac
A commutative ring is a ring where (S, ×) is commutative.